Thermal Physics Internal Energy: is the sum of the kinetic energy of the molecules due to its random motion & the potential energy of the molecules due to the intermolecular forces. Internal energy is determined by the values of the current state and is independent of how the state is arrived at . Thus if a system undergoes a series of changes from one state A to another state B, its change in internal energy is the same, regardless of which path {the changes in the p & V} it has taken to get from A to B. Since Kinetic Energy proportional to temp, and internal energy of the system = sum of its Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy, a rise in temperature will cause a rise in Kinetic Energy and thus an increase in internal energy. If two bodies are in thermal equilibrium , there is no net flow of heat energy between them and they have the same temperature . {NB: this does not imply they must hav...
good but some chapters note are missing????
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