O Level ATP short questions and answers
Physics ATP Notes
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Grade thresholds
PHYSICS GCE Advanced Level and GCE Advanced Subsidiary Level Grade thresholds taken for Syllabus 9702 (Physics) in the May/June 2011 examination. The thresholds (minimum marks) for Grades C and D are normally set by dividing the mark range between the B and the E thresholds into three. For example, if the difference between the B and the E threshold is 24 marks, the C threshold is set 8 marks below the B threshold and the D threshold is set another 8 marks down. If dividing the interval by three results in a fraction of a mark, then the threshold is normally rounded down. Grade A* does not exist at the level of an individual component. The thresholds for the syllabus are determined first by adding together the thresholds for the components taken by the candidate. A reduction may be made at the higher grades depending on the correlation of the papers. If the maximum raw marks for the components are not in the weighting/relationship specified in the syllabus, a weighting is applied...
Thermal Physics
Thermal Physics Internal Energy: is the sum of the kinetic energy of the molecules due to its random motion & the potential energy of the molecules due to the intermolecular forces. Internal energy is determined by the values of the current state and is independent of how the state is arrived at . Thus if a system undergoes a series of changes from one state A to another state B, its change in internal energy is the same, regardless of which path {the changes in the p & V} it has taken to get from A to B. Since Kinetic Energy proportional to temp, and internal energy of the system = sum of its Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy, a rise in temperature will cause a rise in Kinetic Energy and thus an increase in internal energy. If two bodies are in thermal equilibrium , there is no net flow of heat energy between them and they have the same temperature . {NB: this does not imply they must hav...
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