O/A Level Physcs

S uperposition: Diffraction refers to the bending or spreading out of waves when they travel through a small opening or when they pass round a small obstacle. The Principle Of Superposition states that when two waves of the same kind meet at a point in space, the resultant displacement at that point is the vector sum of the displacements that the two waves would separately produce at that point. Interference refers to the superposing of two or more coherent waves to produce regions of maxima and minima in space, according to the principle of superposition. Gravitation: Newton's Law Of Universal Gravitation states that every particle in the Universe attracts every other particle with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Gravitational field strength at a point is defined as the gravitational force per unit mass acting on a mass placed at that point. Gravit

Measurement: Random errors are errors of measurements in which the measured quantities differ from the mean value with different magnitudes and directions. Systematic errors are errors of measurements in which the measured quantities are displaced from the true value by fixed magnitude and in the same direction. Accuracy is a measure of how close the results of an experiment agree with the true value. Precision is a measure of how close the results of an experiment agree with each other. Thermal Physics: The internal energy is a function of state and the total microscopic kinetic and potential energies of the particles  composing the system. The specific latent heat of fusion, L f , is defined as the amount of heat required per unit mass to change a substance from the solid phase to the liquid phase without any change in temperature The specific latent heat of vaporization, L v , is defined as the amount of heat required per unit mass to change a substanc